Social cognition

نویسندگان

  • Klaus Zuberbühler
  • Richard W. Byrne
چکیده

transAtlantic migration lasting a period of years. Turtles enter the North Atlantic gyre, a circular current system that flows around the Sargasso Sea, and many cross to the eastern side of the Atlantic before returning to North America. The turtles have a strong need to remain within the gyre: if they stray too far north they risk death in cold waters, whereas going too far south may cause them to be entrained in south Atlantic current systems and carried far away. Young loggerheads apparently use the Earth's magnetic field as a source of positional information to help them remain within the gyre system. The Earth's field varies across the surface of the globe in such a way that each oceanic region has a unique magnetic field. When a young turtle encounters a magnetic field that exists near the northern boundary of the North Atlantic gyre, it responds by swimming south, whereas a field from the southern boundary of the gyre elicits swimming toward the northwest (a response that presumably leads a turtle back toward North America). These responses to magnetic positional information appear to be largely inherited, given that they are present in turtles that have never been in the ocean. Is the magnetic field of the Earth used by coastal juveniles and adults as well? Juveniles living in coastal feeding grounds use the Earth's magnetic field in an even more sophisticated way. Rather than responding to magnetic fields that mark boundaries, older turtles apparently learn the magnetic topography of the geographic areas in which they feed. The turtles can then use magnetic cues to help them navigate back to particular areas. The existence of a 'magnetic map' in sea turtles was demonstrated by exposing juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas) to magnetic fields that exist in locations north or south of their feeding area. Even though the turtles were tethered in a pool of water close to their feeding grounds, those exposed to a magnetic field that exists several hundred kilometers to the north swam south, whereas those exposed to a field from the south swam north. Thus, the turtles can use positional information in the Earth's field as a kind of map that helps them navigate toward specific locations. Whether adults use magnetic information in natal beach homing is still unknown. A plausible scenario is that the turtles imprint on the magnetic signatures of their natal region, allowing them …

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عنوان ژورنال:
  • Current Biology

دوره 16  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2006